Fetal growth restriction (FGR) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which a fetus fails to reach its growth potential in the womb, resulting in a low birth weight and potential health risks for the baby. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including maternal health issues, placental problems, genetic factors, and environmental factors. Research in this area focuses on understanding the underlying causes of FGR, developing strategies for early detection and management, and improving outcomes for affected infants. By studying FGR, researchers aim to reduce the risks associated with this condition and improve long-term health outcomes for affected children.